Experimental Demonstration of a Quantum-Optimal Coronagraph Using Spatial Mode Sorters
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12776v1
- Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2024 17:55:39 GMT
- Title: Experimental Demonstration of a Quantum-Optimal Coronagraph Using Spatial Mode Sorters
- Authors: Nico Deshler, Itay Ozer, Amit Ashok, Saikat Guha,
- Abstract summary: An ideal direct imaging coronagraph has been shown to achieve the quantum information limits for exoplanet detection and localization.
We experimentally implement this quantum-optimal coronagraph using spatial mode (de)multiplexing.
We successfully localize an artificial exoplanet at sub-diffraction distances $(sigma)$ from its host star under a 1000:1 star-planet contrast ratio.
- Score: 0.9099663022952499
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
- Abstract: An ideal direct imaging coronagraph, which selectively rejects the fundamental mode of a telescope, has been shown to achieve the quantum information limits for exoplanet detection and localization. In this study, we experimentally implement this quantum-optimal coronagraph using spatial mode (de)multiplexing. Our benchtop system includes a forward and inverse pass through a free-space programmable spatial mode sorter, designed to isolate photons in a point spread function (PSF)-adapted basis. During the forward pass, the fundamental mode is rejected, effectively eliminating light from an on-axis point-like star. On the inverse pass, the remaining modes are coherently recombined, enabling direct imaging of a faint companion. We develop a probabilistic measurement model that accounts for combined effects of fundamental shot noise and experimental noise specific to our benchtop setup, such as modal cross-talk, dark noise, and ambient background illumination. We leverage this measurement model to formulate a maximum-likelihood estimator of the exoplanet position given an image captured with the coronagraph. Using this approach, we successfully localize an artificial exoplanet at sub-diffraction distances $(<\sigma)$ from its host star under a 1000:1 star-planet contrast ratio. Our system accurately localizes the exoplanet up to an absolute error $<0.03\sigma$ over the separation range $[0,\,0.6]\sigma$. Finally, we numerically evaluate the precision of our experimental coronagraph against state-of-the-art coronagraphs subject to comparable noise models.
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