Overcoming the Thermal-Noise Limit of Room-Temperature Microwave Measurements by Cavity Pre-cooling with a Low-Noise Amplifier. Application to Time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05371v1
• Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 22:43:29 GMT
• Title: Overcoming the Thermal-Noise Limit of Room-Temperature Microwave Measurements by Cavity Pre-cooling with a Low-Noise Amplifier. Application to Time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
• Authors: Kuan-Cheng Chen, Mark Oxborrow,
• Abstract summary: cavity pre-cooling (CPC) removes, just prior to performing a measurement, a large fraction of the deleterious thermal photons that would otherwise occupy the electromagnetic modes of a microwave cavity at room temperature. Our method repurposes the input of a commercial HEMT-based low-noise amplifier (LNA) to serve as a photon-absorbing cold load that is temporarily over-coupled to the cavity. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the noise temperature of a monitored microwave mode drops from a little below room temperature to approx 108 K.
• Score: 0.34530027457862006
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: We demonstrate an inexpensive, bench-top method, which we here name cavity pre-cooling (CPC), for removing, just prior to performing a measurement, a large fraction of the deleterious thermal photons that would otherwise occupy the electromagnetic modes of a microwave cavity (or some alternative form of rf resonator) at room temperature. Our method repurposes the input of a commercial HEMT-based low-noise amplifier (LNA) to serve as a photon-absorbing cold load that is temporarily over-coupled to the cavity. No isolator is inserted between the LNA and the coupling port of the cavity. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the noise temperature of a monitored microwave mode drops from a little below room temperature to approx 108 K. Upon incorporating our pre-coolable cavity into a time-resolved (tr-) EPR spectrometer, a commensurate improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio is observed, corresponding to a factor-of-5 speed up over a conventional tr-EPR measurement at room temperature for the same precision and/or sensitivity. Simulations indicate the feasibility, for realistic Q factors and couplings, of cooling the temperatures of the modes of a cavity down to a few tens of K, and for this coldness to last several tens of microseconds whilst the cavity and its contents are optimally interrogated by a microwave tone or pulse sequence. The method thus provides a generally applicable and extremely convenient approach to improving the sensitivity and/or read-out speed in pulsed or time-resolved EPR spectroscopy, quantum detection and other radiometric measurements performed at or near room temperature. It also provides a first-stage cold reservoir (of microwave photons) for deeper cooling methods to work from.

Related papers

• Microwave Hall measurements using a circularly polarized dielectric cavity [0.0]
  We have developed a circularly polarized cavity with a high quality-factor that can generate circularly polarized microwaves. We have established a new methodology to measure the microwave Hall conductivity of a small single crystal of metal.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-04-15T10:51:03Z)
• An anti-maser for quantum-limited cooling of a microwave cavity [58.720142291102135]
  We experimentally demonstrate how to generate a state in condensed matter at moderate cryogenic temperatures. This state is then used to efficiently remove microwave photons from a cavity. Such an "anti-maser" device could be extremely beneficial for applications that would normally require cooling to millikelvin temperatures.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-07-24T11:12:29Z)
• A highly-sensitive broadband superconducting thermoelectric single-photon detector [62.997667081978825]
  A thermoelectric detector (TED) converts a finite temperature difference caused by the absorption of a single photon into an open circuit thermovoltage. Our TED is able to reveal single-photons of frequency ranging from about 15 GHz to about 150 PHz depending on the chosen design and materials.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-02-06T17:08:36Z)
• Temperature Sensing with RF-Dressed States of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond [0.0]
  Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising systems for realizing sensitive temperature sensors. We propose a novel method to measure temperature using CW-ODMR with a quantum state dressed by radio-frequency (RF) fields under transverse magnetic fields.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-05-14T05:38:22Z)
• Photoinduced prethermal order parameter dynamics in the two-dimensional large-$N$ Hubbard-Heisenberg model [77.34726150561087]
  We study the microscopic dynamics of competing ordered phases in a two-dimensional correlated electron model. We simulate the light-induced transition between two competing phases.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-05-13T13:13:31Z)
• Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration [0.0]
  In 2017, the invention of a quantum-circuit refrigerator inspired a series of experimental studies. Theoretically, it is predicted that state-of-the-art superconducting resonators and qubits can be reset with an infidelity lower than $10-4$ in nanoseconds. In the future, the QCR may be experimentally used to quickly reset superconducting qubits, and hence assist in the great challenge of building a practical quantum computer.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-11-22T14:27:26Z)
• Measurement of the Low-temperature Loss Tangent of High-resistivity Silicon with a High Q-factor Superconducting Resonator [58.720142291102135]
  We present the direct loss tangent measurement of a high-resist intrinsicivity (100) silicon wafer in the temperature range from 70 mK to 1 K. The measurement was performed using a technique that takes advantage of a high quality factor superconducting niobium resonator.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-08-19T20:13:07Z)
• Bench-top Cooling of a Microwave Mode using an Optically Pumped Spin Refrigerator [1.8922128824659967]
  We experimentally remove thermal photons from a microwave mode at 1.45 GHz. The noise temperature of the microwave mode dropped to $50+18_-32$ K. We identify the system as a narrow-band yet extremely convenient platform for realizing low-noise detectors, quantum memory and quantum-enhanced machines.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-04-01T06:07:37Z)
• Adiabatic Sensing Technique for Optimal Temperature Estimation using Trapped Ions [64.31011847952006]
  We propose an adiabatic method for optimal phonon temperature estimation using trapped ions. The relevant information of the phonon thermal distributions can be transferred to the collective spin-degree of freedom. We show that each of the thermal state probabilities is adiabatically mapped onto the respective collective spin-excitation configuration.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-12-16T12:58:08Z)
• Real-time estimation of the optically detected magnetic resonance shift in diamond quantum thermometry [47.50219326456544]
  We investigate the real-time estimation protocols for the frequency shift of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds (NDs) Efficiently integrating multipoint ODMR measurements and ND particle tracking into fluorescence microscopy has recently demonstrated stable monitoring of the temperature inside living animals.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-06-12T01:44:35Z)
• A robust fiber-based quantum thermometer coupled with nitrogen-vacancy centers [29.359306535600815]
  We present a robust fiber-based quantum thermometer which can significantly isolate the magnetic field noise and microwave power shift. With a frequency modulation scheme, we realize the temperature measurement by detecting the variation of the sharp-dip in the zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-04-09T03:24:52Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.