Probing false vacuum decay on a cold-atom gauge-theory quantum simulator

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12565v1
• Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2024 15:28:24 GMT
• Title: Probing false vacuum decay on a cold-atom gauge-theory quantum simulator
• Authors: Zi-Hang Zhu, Ying Liu, Gianluca Lagnese, Federica Maria Surace, Wei-Yong Zhang, Ming-Gen He, Jad C. Halimeh, Marcello Dalmonte, Siddhardh C. Morampudi, Frank Wilczek, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jian-Wei Pan,
• Abstract summary: We report an experimental investigation, in a cold-atom quantum simulator, of the effect of the background field on pair production from the infinite-mass vacuum. We find that the energy spectrum of the time-evolved observables in the zero mass limit displays excitation peaks analogous to bosonic modes in the Schwinger model.
• Score: 1.8075943133358323
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• Abstract: In the context of quantum electrodynamics, the decay of false vacuum leads to the production of electron-positron pair, a phenomenon known as the Schwinger effect. In practical experimental scenarios, producing a pair requires an extremely strong electric field, thus suppressing the production rate and making this process very challenging to observe. Here we report an experimental investigation, in a cold-atom quantum simulator, of the effect of the background field on pair production from the infinite-mass vacuum in a $1+1$D $\mathrm{U}(1)$ lattice gauge theory. The ability to tune the background field allows us to study pair production in a large production rate regime. Furthermore, we find that the energy spectrum of the time-evolved observables in the zero mass limit displays excitation peaks analogous to bosonic modes in the Schwinger model. Our work opens the door to quantum-simulation experiments that can controllably tune the production of pairs and manipulate their far-from-equilibrium dynamics.

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