Deep Fourier-embedded Network for RGB and Thermal Salient Object Detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18409v3
• Date: Tue, 04 Nov 2025 07:05:08 GMT
• Title: Deep Fourier-embedded Network for RGB and Thermal Salient Object Detection
• Authors: Pengfei Lyu, Xiaosheng Yu, Pak-Hei Yeung, Chengdong Wu, Jagath C. Rajapakse,
• Abstract summary: We propose a purely Fourier Transform-based model, namely Deep Fourier-embedded Network (FreqSal) for accurate RGB-T SOD.<n>Specifically, we leverage the efficiency of Fast Fourier Transform with linear complexity to design three key components.<n>Experiments on ten bimodal SOD benchmark datasets demonstrate that FreqSal outperforms twenty-nine existing state-of-the-art bimodal SOD models.
• Score: 15.470610918037243
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The rapid development of deep learning has significantly improved salient object detection (SOD) combining both RGB and thermal (RGB-T) images. However, existing Transformer-based RGB-T SOD models with quadratic complexity are memory-intensive, limiting their application in high-resolution bimodal feature fusion. To overcome this limitation, we propose a purely Fourier Transform-based model, namely Deep Fourier-embedded Network (FreqSal), for accurate RGB-T SOD. Specifically, we leverage the efficiency of Fast Fourier Transform with linear complexity to design three key components: (1) To fuse RGB and thermal modalities, we propose Modal-coordinated Perception Attention, which aligns and enhances bimodal Fourier representation in multiple dimensions; (2) To clarify object edges and suppress noise, we design Frequency-decomposed Edge-aware Block, which deeply decomposes and filters Fourier components of low-level features; (3) To accurately decode features, we propose Fourier Residual Channel Attention Block, which prioritizes high-frequency information while aligning channel-wise global relationships. Additionally, even when converged, existing deep learning-based SOD models' predictions still exhibit frequency gaps relative to ground-truth. To address this problem, we propose Co-focus Frequency Loss, which dynamically weights hard frequencies during edge frequency reconstruction by cross-referencing bimodal edge information in the Fourier domain. Extensive experiments on ten bimodal SOD benchmark datasets demonstrate that FreqSal outperforms twenty-nine existing state-of-the-art bimodal SOD models. Comprehensive ablation studies further validate the value and effectiveness of our newly proposed components. The code is available at https://github.com/JoshuaLPF/FreqSal.

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