Observation of Subnatural-Linewidth Biphotons In a Two-Level Atomic Ensemble

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11908v1
• Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 06:00:05 GMT
• Title: Observation of Subnatural-Linewidth Biphotons In a Two-Level Atomic Ensemble
• Authors: Jyun-Kai Lin, Tzu-Hsiang Chien, Chin-Te Wu, Ravikumar Chinnarasu, Shengwang Du, Ite A. Yu, Chih-Sung Chuu,
• Abstract summary: Biphotons and single photons with narrow bandwidths are essential to the realization of long-distance quantum communication (LDQC) and linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) In this Letter, we manipulate the biphoton wave functions of the spontaneous four-wave mixing in a two-level atomic ensemble with a single-laser pump scheme. Our innovative experimental approach enables the generation of biphotons with a sub-MHz bandwidth of 0.36 MHz, a record spectral brightness of $2.28times107$$rm s-1rm mW-1rm MHz-1$, and
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• Abstract: Biphotons and single photons with narrow bandwidths and long coherence times are essential to the realization of long-distance quantum communication (LDQC) and linear optical quantum computing (LOQC). In this Letter, we manipulate the biphoton wave functions of the spontaneous four-wave mixing in a two-level atomic ensemble with a single-laser pump scheme. Our innovative experimental approach enables the generation of biphotons with a sub-MHz bandwidth of 0.36 MHz, a record spectral brightness of $2.28\times10^7$${\rm s}^{-1}{\rm mW}^{-1}{\rm MHz}^{-1}$, and a temporally symmetric wave packet at moderate optical depth. The strong non-classical cross-correlation of the biphotons also enables the observation of heralded sub-MHz-linewidth single photons with a pronounced single-photon nature. The generation of sub-MHz-linewidth biphotons and single photons with a two-level atomic ensembles not only finds applications in quantum repeaters and large cluster states for LDQC and LOQC but also opens up the opportunity to miniaturize the biphoton or single-photon sources for chip-scale quantum technologies.

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