High-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 100 km fiber with composable security

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14843v1
• Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 02:56:45 GMT
• Title: High-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 100 km fiber with composable security
• Authors: Heng Wang, Yang Li, Ting Ye, Li Ma, Yan Pan, Mingze Wu, Junhui Li, Yiming Bian, Yaodi Pi, Yun Shao, Jie Yang, Jinlu Liu, Ao Sun, Wei Huang, Stefano Pirandola, Yichen Zhang, Bingjie Xu,
• Abstract summary: Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a way to generate secret keys with information-theoretic security.<n>CV-QKD offers the potential advantage of achieving a higher secret key rate (SKR) within a metro area, as well as being compatible with the mature telecom industry.<n>Here, we demonstrate for the first time a high-rate multi-carrier (MC) CV-QKD with a 10 GHz symbol rate that chieves Gbps SKR within 10km and Mbps SKR over 100 km in the finite-size regime.
• Score: 19.19089772907503
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD), providing a way to generate secret keys with information-theoretic security,is arguably one of the most significant achievements in quantum information. The continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) offers the potential advantage of achieving a higher secret key rate (SKR) within a metro area, as well as being compatible with the mature telecom industry. However, the SKR and transmission distance of state-of-the-art CV-QKD systems are currently limited. Here, based on the novelly proposed orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) CV-QKD protocol, we demonstrate for the first time a high-rate multi-carrier (MC) CV-QKD with a 10 GHz symbol rate that chieves Gbps SKR within 10km and Mbps SKR over 100 km in the finite-size regime under composable security against collective attacks. The record-breaking results are achieved by suitable optimization of subcarrier number and modulation variance, well-controlled excess noise induced by both OFDM mechanism and efficient DSP scheme, and high-performance post-processing capacity realized by heterogeneous computing scheme. The composable finite-size SKR reaches 1779.45 Mbps@5km, 1025.49 Mbps@10km, 370.50 Mbps@25km, 99.93 Mbps@50km, 25.70 Mbps@75km,and 2.25 Mbps@100km, which improves the SKR by two orders of magnitude and quintuples the maximal transmission distance compared to most recently reported CV-QKD results [Nature Communications, 13, 4740 (2022)]. Interestingly, it is experimentally verified that the SKR of the proposed MC CV-QKD can approach five times larger than that of the single-carrier CV-QKD with the same symbol rate without additional hardware costs. Our work constitutes a critical step towards future high-speed quantum metropolitan and access networks.

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