Dissipative qutrit-mediated stable charging

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00271v2
• Date: Sun, 07 Sep 2025 14:26:16 GMT
• Title: Dissipative qutrit-mediated stable charging
• Authors: Chen-yi Zhang, Jun Jing,
• Abstract summary: We propose a stable charging scheme mediated by a three-level system (qutrit)<n>By virtue of the qutrit dissipation, the battery avoids the spontaneous discharging induced by the time-reversal symmetry of any unitary-charging scheme.
• Score: 2.8668875019366395
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: In this work, we propose a stable charging scheme mediated by a three-level system (qutrit), which renders a unidirectional energy flow from an external power source to an $(N+1)$-dimensional quantum battery. By virtue of the qutrit dissipation, the battery avoids the spontaneous discharging induced by the time-reversal symmetry of any unitary-charging scheme. Irrespective of the initial state, the battery can be eventually stabilized at the maximal-ergotropy state as long as the charger-battery interaction is present. We use a Dyson series of Lindbladian superoperator to obtain an effective master equation for the battery, which is found to be equivalent to the high-order Fermi's golden rule adapted to the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and spontaneous decay. We extract the optimization condition for charging efficiency and justify it in the finite-size battery with uniform energy splitting, the large spin battery, and the truncated harmonic-oscillator battery.

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