Measurement-Induced Dynamical Quantum Thermalization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20593v2
• Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2025 11:58:32 GMT
• Title: Measurement-Induced Dynamical Quantum Thermalization
• Authors: Marvin Lenk, Sayak Biswas, Anna Posazhennikova, Johann Kroha,
• Abstract summary: We study how the measurement of one or more observables subdivides the system into observed and non-observed Hilbert subspaces.<n>We find this to be more generally fulfilled than in the scenario of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH)
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: One of the fundamental problems of quantum statistical physics is how an ideally isolated quantum system can ever reach thermal equilibrium behavior despite the unitary time evolution of quantum-mechanical systems. Here, we study, via explicit time evolution for the generic model system of an interacting, trapped Bose gas with discrete single-particle levels, how the measurement of one or more observables subdivides the system into observed and non-observed Hilbert subspaces and the tracing over the non-measured quantum numbers defines an effective, thermodynamic bath, induces the entanglement of the observed Hilbert subspace with the bath, and leads to a bi-exponential approach of the entanglement entropy and of the measured observables to thermal equilibrium behavior as a function of time. We find this to be more generally fulfilled than in the scenario of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), namely for both local particle occupation numbers and non-local density correlation functions, and independent of the specific initial quantum state of the time evolution.

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