Automatic detection of abnormal clinical EEG: comparison of a finetuned foundation model with two deep learning models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21507v1
• Date: Tue, 13 May 2025 07:07:24 GMT
• Title: Automatic detection of abnormal clinical EEG: comparison of a finetuned foundation model with two deep learning models
• Authors: Aurore Bussalb, François Le Gac, Guillaume Jubien, Mohamed Rahmouni, Ruggero G. Bettinardi, Pedro Marinho R. de Oliveira, Phillipe Derambure, Nicolas Gaspard, Jacques Jonas, Louis Maillard, Laurent Vercueil, Hervé Vespignani, Philippe Laval, Laurent Koessler, Ulysse Gimenez,
• Abstract summary: We compare two deep learning models (CNN-LSTM and Transformer-based) with BioSerenity-E1, a proposed foundation model, in the task of classifying entire EEG recordings as normal or abnormal.<n>The three models were trained or finetuned on 2,500 EEG recordings.<n>Our results highlight the usefulness of leveraging pre-trained models for automatic EEG classification.
• Score: 0.24848203755267906
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used by physicians for the diagnosis of numerous neurological disorders. Due to the large volume of EEGs requiring interpretation and the specific expertise involved, artificial intelligence-based tools are being developed to assist in their visual analysis. In this paper, we compare two deep learning models (CNN-LSTM and Transformer-based) with BioSerenity-E1, a recently proposed foundation model, in the task of classifying entire EEG recordings as normal or abnormal. The three models were trained or finetuned on 2,500 EEG recordings and their performances were evaluated on two private and one public datasets: a large multicenter dataset annotated by a single specialist (dataset A composed of n = 4,480 recordings), a small multicenter dataset annotated by three specialists (dataset B, n = 198), and the Temple University Abnormal (TUAB) EEG corpus evaluation dataset (n = 276). On dataset A, the three models achieved at least 86% balanced accuracy, with BioSerenity-E1 finetuned achieving the highest balanced accuracy (89.19% [88.36-90.41]). BioSerenity-E1 finetuned also achieved the best performance on dataset B, with 94.63% [92.32-98.12] balanced accuracy. The models were then validated on TUAB evaluation dataset, whose corresponding training set was not used during training, where they achieved at least 76% accuracy. Specifically, BioSerenity-E1 finetuned outperformed the other two models, reaching an accuracy of 82.25% [78.27-87.48]. Our results highlight the usefulness of leveraging pre-trained models for automatic EEG classification: enabling robust and efficient interpretation of EEG data with fewer resources and broader applicability.

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