Beyond the LUMIR challenge: The pathway to foundational registration models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24160v1
• Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 03:07:58 GMT
• Title: Beyond the LUMIR challenge: The pathway to foundational registration models
• Authors: Junyu Chen, Shuwen Wei, Joel Honkamaa, Pekka Marttinen, Hang Zhang, Min Liu, Yichao Zhou, Zuopeng Tan, Zhuoyuan Wang, Yi Wang, Hongchao Zhou, Shunbo Hu, Yi Zhang, Qian Tao, Lukas Förner, Thomas Wendler, Bailiang Jian, Benedikt Wiestler, Tim Hable, Jin Kim, Dan Ruan, Frederic Madesta, Thilo Sentker, Wiebke Heyer, Lianrui Zuo, Yuwei Dai, Jing Wu, Jerry L. Prince, Harrison Bai, Yong Du, Yihao Liu, Alessa Hering, Reuben Dorent, Lasse Hansen, Mattias P. Heinrich, Aaron Carass,
• Abstract summary: The Large-scale Unsupervised Brain MRI Image Registration (LUMIR) challenge is a next-generation benchmark designed to assess and advance unsupervised brain MRI registration.<n>LUMIR provides over 4,000 preprocessed T1-weighted brain MRIs for training without any label maps, encouraging biologically plausible deformation modeling.<n>A total of 1,158 subjects and over 4,000 image pairs were included for evaluation.
• Score: 25.05315856123745
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Medical image challenges have played a transformative role in advancing the field, catalyzing algorithmic innovation and establishing new performance standards across diverse clinical applications. Image registration, a foundational task in neuroimaging pipelines, has similarly benefited from the Learn2Reg initiative. Building on this foundation, we introduce the Large-scale Unsupervised Brain MRI Image Registration (LUMIR) challenge, a next-generation benchmark designed to assess and advance unsupervised brain MRI registration. Distinct from prior challenges that leveraged anatomical label maps for supervision, LUMIR removes this dependency by providing over 4,000 preprocessed T1-weighted brain MRIs for training without any label maps, encouraging biologically plausible deformation modeling through self-supervision. In addition to evaluating performance on 590 held-out test subjects, LUMIR introduces a rigorous suite of zero-shot generalization tasks, spanning out-of-domain imaging modalities (e.g., FLAIR, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted), disease populations (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), acquisition protocols (e.g., 9.4T MRI), and species (e.g., macaque brains). A total of 1,158 subjects and over 4,000 image pairs were included for evaluation. Performance was assessed using both segmentation-based metrics (Dice coefficient, 95th percentile Hausdorff distance) and landmark-based registration accuracy (target registration error). Across both in-domain and zero-shot tasks, deep learning-based methods consistently achieved state-of-the-art accuracy while producing anatomically plausible deformation fields. The top-performing deep learning-based models demonstrated diffeomorphic properties and inverse consistency, outperforming several leading optimization-based methods, and showing strong robustness to most domain shifts, the exception being a drop in performance on out-of-domain contrasts.

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