From EHRs to Patient Pathways: Scalable Modeling of Longitudinal Health Trajectories with LLMs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04831v1
• Date: Thu, 05 Jun 2025 09:54:01 GMT
• Title: From EHRs to Patient Pathways: Scalable Modeling of Longitudinal Health Trajectories with LLMs
• Authors: Chantal Pellegrini, Ege Özsoy, David Bani-Harouni, Matthias Keicher, Nassir Navab,
• Abstract summary: We propose a novel approach to patient pathway modeling by transforming diverse electronic health record (EHR) data into a structured representation.<n>We introduce a novel summary mechanism that embeds long-term temporal context into topic-specific summary tokens, improving performance over text-only models.
• Score: 38.49879425944787
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Healthcare systems face significant challenges in managing and interpreting vast, heterogeneous patient data for personalized care. Existing approaches often focus on narrow use cases with a limited feature space, overlooking the complex, longitudinal interactions needed for a holistic understanding of patient health. In this work, we propose a novel approach to patient pathway modeling by transforming diverse electronic health record (EHR) data into a structured representation and designing a holistic pathway prediction model, EHR2Path, optimized to predict future health trajectories. Further, we introduce a novel summary mechanism that embeds long-term temporal context into topic-specific summary tokens, improving performance over text-only models, while being much more token-efficient. EHR2Path demonstrates strong performance in both next time-step prediction and longitudinal simulation, outperforming competitive baselines. It enables detailed simulations of patient trajectories, inherently targeting diverse evaluation tasks, such as forecasting vital signs, lab test results, or length-of-stay, opening a path towards predictive and personalized healthcare.

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