Pathfinding Quantum Simulations of Neutrinoless Double-$β$ Decay

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05757v1
• Date: Fri, 06 Jun 2025 05:31:16 GMT
• Title: Pathfinding Quantum Simulations of Neutrinoless Double-$β$ Decay
• Authors: Ivan A. Chernyshev, Roland C. Farrell, Marc Illa, Martin J. Savage, Andrii Maksymov, Felix Tripier, Miguel Angel Lopez-Ruiz, Andrew Arrasmith, Yvette de Sereville, Aharon Brodutch, Claudio Girotto, Ananth Kaushik, Martin Roetteler,
• Abstract summary: We present results from co-designed quantum simulations of the neutrinoless double-$beta$ decay of a simple nucleus in 1+1D quantum chromodynamics.<n>A clear signal of neutrinoless double-$beta$ decay is measured, making this the first quantum simulation to observe lepton-number violation in real time.
• Score: 0.8115433978995426
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We present results from co-designed quantum simulations of the neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay of a simple nucleus in 1+1D quantum chromodynamics using IonQ's Forte-generation trapped-ion quantum computers. Electrons, neutrinos, and up and down quarks are distributed across two lattice sites and mapped to 32 qubits, with an additional 4 qubits used for flag-based error mitigation. A four-fermion interaction is used to implement weak interactions, and lepton-number violation is induced by a neutrino Majorana mass. Quantum circuits that prepare the initial nucleus and time evolve with the Hamiltonian containing the strong and weak interactions are executed on IonQ Forte Enterprise. A clear signal of neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay is measured, making this the first quantum simulation to observe lepton-number violation in real time. This was made possible by co-designing the simulation to maximally utilize the all-to-all connectivity and native gate-set available on IonQ's quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilation techniques and co-designed error-mitigation methods, informed from executing benchmarking circuits with up to 2,356 two-qubit gates, enabled observables to be extracted with high precision. We discuss the potential of future quantum simulations to provide yocto-second resolution of the reaction pathways in these, and other, nuclear processes.

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