Emergent Viscous Hydrodynamics From a Single Quantum Particle

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06618v1
• Date: Sat, 07 Jun 2025 01:29:28 GMT
• Title: Emergent Viscous Hydrodynamics From a Single Quantum Particle
• Authors: Zhi-Li Zhou, Mauricio Hippert, Nicki Mullins, Jorge Noronha,
• Abstract summary: We investigate how spatial decoherence can lead to hydrodynamic behavior in the late-time, long-wavelength regime of open quantum systems.<n>Our results shed new light on the onset of hydrodynamic behavior in quantum systems with few degrees of freedom.
• Score: 4.989100958816578
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We investigate an explicit example of how spatial decoherence can lead to hydrodynamic behavior in the late-time, long-wavelength regime of open quantum systems. We focus on the case of a single non-relativistic quantum particle linearly coupled to a thermal bath of noninteracting harmonic oscillators at temperature $T$, a la Caldeira and Leggett. Taking advantage of decoherence in the position representation, we expand the reduced density matrix in powers of the off-diagonal spatial components, so that high-order terms are suppressed at late times. Truncating the resulting power series at second order leads to a set of dissipative transient hydrodynamic equations similar to the non-relativistic limit of equations widely used in simulations of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Transport coefficients are directly determined by the damping constant $\gamma$, which quantifies the influence of the environment. The asymptotic limit of our hydrodynamic equations reduces to the celebrated Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible fluid in the presence of a drag force. Our results shed new light on the onset of hydrodynamic behavior in quantum systems with few degrees of freedom.

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