Real-time preparation and verification of nonstabilizer states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11180v1
• Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 10:36:20 GMT
• Title: Real-time preparation and verification of nonstabilizer states
• Authors: Jian Li, Ye-Chao Liu, Xiao-Xiao Chen, Zhe Meng, Xing-Yan Fan, Wen-Hao Wang, Jie Ma, An-Ning Zhang, Jiangwei Shang,
• Abstract summary: We experimentally demonstrate a protocol for verifying three-qubit nonstabilizer $W$ state via a modified homogeneous strategy.<n>We realize the efficient verification with a favorable scaling of the required number of copies versus infidelity as $-1.39$, outperforming the standard quantum limit of $-2$.<n>This work presents the first experimental demonstration of QSV actively assisted with state preparation, establishing it as a powerful and resource-efficient alternative to full tomography for real-time quantum state engineering.
• Score: 12.098107477592453
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information science, serving as a key resource for quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Consequently, high-precision entangled state preparation and efficient verification are essential for practical quantum technologies. Quantum state verification (QSV) has recently gained much attention as an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for verifying entangled states. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a QSV protocol for verifying three-qubit nonstabilizer $W$ state via a modified homogeneous strategy. Notably, our implementation extends QSV beyond its standard role by integrating the state preparation process, thus guiding and validating the real-time generation of high-fidelity target states. Specifically, we realize the efficient verification with a favorable scaling of the required number of copies versus infidelity as $-1.39$, outperforming the standard quantum limit of $-2$. Meanwhile, a fidelity of $97.07(\pm 0.26)\%$ via direct estimation is achieved using only $9$ measurement settings and $10^4$ samples, which is independently confirmed by quantum state tomography to be $98.58(\pm 0.12)\%$ with approximately $10^6$ measurements. This work presents the first experimental demonstration of QSV actively assisted with state preparation, establishing it as a powerful and resource-efficient alternative to full tomography for real-time quantum state engineering.

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