Spin Relaxation Mechanisms and Nuclear Spin Entanglement of the V$_B^{-1}$ Center in hBN

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11494v1
• Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 17:09:22 GMT
• Title: Spin Relaxation Mechanisms and Nuclear Spin Entanglement of the V$_B^{-1}$ Center in hBN
• Authors: Chanaprom Cholsuk, Tobias Vogl, Viktor Ivády,
• Abstract summary: The negatively charged boron vacancy $V_B-$ defect in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently emerged as a promising spin qubit for sensing.<n>We develop a parameter-free spin dynamics model based on the cluster-expansion technique to investigate $T_B-$ relaxation mechanisms at low temperature.<n>This study establishes a reliable and scalable approach for describing $T_B-$ relaxation in $V_B-$ centers and offers microscopic insights to support future developments in nuclear-spin-based quantum technologies.
• Score: 0.3413711585591077
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The negatively charged boron vacancy $V_B^-$ defect in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently emerged as a promising spin qubit for sensing due to its high-temperature spin control and versatile integration into van der Waals structures. While extensive experiments have explored their coherence properties, much less is known about the spin relaxation time $T_1$ and its control-parameter dependence. In this work, we develop a parameter-free spin dynamics model based on the cluster-expansion technique to investigate $T_1$ relaxation mechanisms at low temperature. Our results reveal that the $V_B^-$ center constitutes a strongly coupled electron spin-nuclear spin core, which necessitates the inclusion of the coherent dynamics and derived memory effects of the three nearest-neighbor nitrogen nuclear spins. Using this framework, this work closely reproduces the experimentally observed $T_1$ time at $B = 90\,\mathrm{G}$ and further predicts the $T_1$ dependence on external magnetic field in the $0 \le B \le 2000\,\mathrm{G}$ interval, when the spin relaxation is predominantly driven by electron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear flip-flop processes mediated by hyperfine and dipolar interactions. This study establishes a reliable and scalable approach for describing $T_1$ relaxation in $V_B^-$ centers and offers microscopic insights to support future developments in nuclear-spin-based quantum technologies.

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