Thermal modifications of mesons and energy-energy correlators from real-time simulations of a $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16890v1
• Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2025 18:00:00 GMT
• Title: Thermal modifications of mesons and energy-energy correlators from real-time simulations of a $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory
• Abstract summary: We investigate thermal properties of a $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory in $1+1$-dimensions through real-time simulations.<n>Our results constitute a first real-time textitab-initio study of bound state thermal broadening and finite temperature energy-flow correlations in a gauge theory.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate thermal properties of a $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory in $1+1$-dimensions through real-time simulations. We extract the spectral functions directly coupling to the pseudoscalar and scalar mesons, demonstrating the thermal modifications of these states with increasing temperatures. Introducing the notion of energy-flow operators, we quantify the temporal build-up of correlations in the energy flows across the lattice. We demonstrate that energy-energy correlators fail to factorize to products of energy flows, both in the vacuum and at nonzero-temperature, indicating the presence of non-trivial correlations in the quantum states. Our results constitute a first real-time \textit{ab-initio} study of bound state thermal broadening and finite temperature energy-flow correlations in a gauge theory, providing a benchmark for future studies of hadronic matter under extreme conditions.

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