How Far Are AI Scientists from Changing the World?

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23276v2
• Date: Fri, 01 Aug 2025 12:49:36 GMT
• Title: How Far Are AI Scientists from Changing the World?
• Authors: Qiujie Xie, Yixuan Weng, Minjun Zhu, Fuchen Shen, Shulin Huang, Zhen Lin, Jiahui Zhou, Zilan Mao, Zijie Yang, Linyi Yang, Jian Wu, Yue Zhang,
• Abstract summary: We focus on the central question: How far are AI scientists from changing the world and reshaping the scientific research paradigm?<n>We provide a prospect-driven review that comprehensively analyzes the current achievements of AI Scientist systems.<n>We hope this survey will contribute to a clearer understanding of limitations of current AI Scientist systems.
• Score: 30.483767443654504
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: The emergence of large language models (LLMs) is propelling automated scientific discovery to the next level, with LLM-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scientist systems now taking the lead in scientific research. Several influential works have already appeared in the field of AI Scientist systems, with AI-generated research papers having been accepted at the ICLR 2025 workshop, suggesting that a human-level AI Scientist capable of uncovering phenomena previously unknown to humans, may soon become a reality. In this survey, we focus on the central question: How far are AI scientists from changing the world and reshaping the scientific research paradigm? To answer this question, we provide a prospect-driven review that comprehensively analyzes the current achievements of AI Scientist systems, identifying key bottlenecks and the critical components required for the emergence of a scientific agent capable of producing ground-breaking discoveries that solve grand challenges. We hope this survey will contribute to a clearer understanding of limitations of current AI Scientist systems, showing where we are, what is missing, and what the ultimate goals for scientific AI should be.

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