Latent Interpolation Learning Using Diffusion Models for Cardiac Volume Reconstruction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13826v3
• Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 07:25:21 GMT
• Title: Latent Interpolation Learning Using Diffusion Models for Cardiac Volume Reconstruction
• Authors: Niklas Bubeck, Suprosanna Shit, Chen Chen, Can Zhao, Pengfei Guo, Dong Yang, Georg Zitzlsberger, Daguang Xu, Bernhard Kainz, Daniel Rueckert, Jiazhen Pan,
• Abstract summary: existing methods face challenges, including reliance on predefined schemes, computational inefficiency, and dependence on additional semantic inputs.<n>We present a data-driven cardiac Latent Interpoltent Diffusion (CaLID) framework that can capture complex, non-temporal relationships between sparse slices.<n>Second, we design a computationally efficient method that operates in the latent space and speeds up 3D-heart upsampling by a factor of 24, reducing computational time.<n>Third, we extend our method to 2D+T data, enabling the effective modeling of temporal coherence.
• Score: 26.7771170972558
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is a critical tool for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular disease, yet its utility is often limited by the sparse acquisition of 2D short-axis slices, resulting in incomplete volumetric information. Accurate 3D reconstruction from these sparse slices is essential for comprehensive cardiac assessment, but existing methods face challenges, including reliance on predefined interpolation schemes (e.g., linear or spherical), computational inefficiency, and dependence on additional semantic inputs such as segmentation labels or motion data. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Cardiac Latent Interpolation Diffusion (CaLID) framework that introduces three key innovations. First, we present a data-driven interpolation scheme based on diffusion models, which can capture complex, non-linear relationships between sparse slices and improves reconstruction accuracy. Second, we design a computationally efficient method that operates in the latent space and speeds up 3D whole-heart upsampling time by a factor of 24, reducing computational overhead compared to previous methods. Third, with only sparse 2D CMR images as input, our method achieves SOTA performance against baseline methods, eliminating the need for auxiliary input such as morphological guidance, thus simplifying workflows. We further extend our method to 2D+T data, enabling the effective modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics and ensuring temporal coherence. Extensive volumetric evaluations and downstream segmentation tasks demonstrate that CaLID achieves superior reconstruction quality and efficiency. By addressing the fundamental limitations of existing approaches, our framework advances the state of the art for spatio and spatiotemporal whole-heart reconstruction, offering a robust and clinically practical solution for cardiovascular imaging.

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