Non-Equilibrium Criticality-Enhanced Quantum Sensing with Superconducting Qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14409v1
• Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 04:14:20 GMT
• Title: Non-Equilibrium Criticality-Enhanced Quantum Sensing with Superconducting Qubits
• Authors: Hao Li, Yaoling Yang, Yun-Hao Shi, Zheng-An Wang, Ziting Wang, Jintao Li, Yipeng Zhang, Kui Zhao, Yue-Shan Xu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Yu Liu, Wei-Guo Ma, Tian-Ming Li, Jia-Chi Zhang, Cai-Ping Fang, Jia-Cheng Song, Hao-Tian Liu, Si-Yun Zhou, Zheng-He Liu, Bing-Jie Chen, Gui-Han Liang, Xiaohui Song, Zhongcheng Xiang, Kai Xu, Kaixuan Huang, Abolfazl Bayat, Heng Fan,
• Abstract summary: Exploiting quantum features allows for estimating external parameters with precisions well beyond the capacity of classical sensors.<n>Quantum criticality has been identified as a resource for achieving such enhancements with respect to the probe size.<n>Non-equilibrium probes harness dynamics, enabling quantum-enhanced precision with respect to time over a wide range of parameters.
• Score: 26.523015621022488
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Exploiting quantum features allows for estimating external parameters with precisions well beyond the capacity of classical sensors, a phenomenon known as quantum-enhanced precision. Quantum criticality has been identified as a resource for achieving such enhancements with respect to the probe size. However, they demand complex probe preparation and measurement and the achievable enhancement is ultimately restricted to narrow parameter regimes. On the other hand, non-equilibrium probes harness dynamics, enabling quantum-enhanced precision with respect to time over a wide range of parameters through simple probe initialization. Here, we unify these approaches through a Stark-Wannier localization platform, where competition between a linear gradient field and particle tunneling enables quantum-enhanced sensitivity across an extended parameter regime. The probe is implemented on a 9-qubit superconducting quantum device, in both single- and double-excitation subspaces, where we explore its performance in the extended phase, the critical point and the localized phase. Despite employing only computational-basis measurements we have been able to achieve near-Heisenberg-limited precision by combining outcomes at distinct evolution times. In addition, we demonstrate that the performance of the probe in the entire extended phase is significantly outperforming the performance in the localized regime. Our results highlight Stark-Wannier systems as versatile platforms for quantum sensing, where the combination of criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics enhances precision over a wide range of parameters without stringent measurement requirements.

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