Understanding the Geospatial Reasoning Capabilities of LLMs: A Trajectory Recovery Perspective

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01639v1
• Date: Thu, 02 Oct 2025 03:37:41 GMT
• Title: Understanding the Geospatial Reasoning Capabilities of LLMs: A Trajectory Recovery Perspective
• Authors: Thinh Hung Truong, Jey Han Lau, Jianzhong Qi,
• Abstract summary: This paper explores whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can read road network maps and perform navigation.<n>We frame trajectory recovery as a proxy task, which requires models to reconstruct masked GPS traces.<n>Using road network as context, our prompting framework enables LLMs to generate valid paths without accessing any external navigation tools.
• Score: 31.228269455751363
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: We explore the geospatial reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically, whether LLMs can read road network maps and perform navigation. We frame trajectory recovery as a proxy task, which requires models to reconstruct masked GPS traces, and introduce GLOBALTRACE, a dataset with over 4,000 real-world trajectories across diverse regions and transportation modes. Using road network as context, our prompting framework enables LLMs to generate valid paths without accessing any external navigation tools. Experiments show that LLMs outperform off-the-shelf baselines and specialized trajectory recovery models, with strong zero-shot generalization. Fine-grained analysis shows that LLMs have strong comprehension of the road network and coordinate systems, but also pose systematic biases with respect to regions and transportation modes. Finally, we demonstrate how LLMs can enhance navigation experiences by reasoning over maps in flexible ways to incorporate user preferences.

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