AI Agents in Drug Discovery

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27130v1
• Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2025 03:07:14 GMT
• Title: AI Agents in Drug Discovery
• Authors: Srijit Seal, Dinh Long Huynh, Moudather Chelbi, Sara Khosravi, Ankur Kumar, Mattson Thieme, Isaac Wilks, Mark Davies, Jessica Mustali, Yannick Sun, Nick Edwards, Daniil Boiko, Andrei Tyrin, Douglas W. Selinger, Ayaan Parikh, Rahul Vijayan, Shoman Kasbekar, Dylan Reid, Andreas Bender, Ola Spjuth,
• Abstract summary: Agentic AI systems could integrate diverse biomedical data, execute tasks, carry out experiments via robotic platforms, and iteratively refine hypotheses in closed loops.<n>We provide a conceptual and technical overview of agentic AI architectures, ranging from ReAct and Reflection to Supervisor and Swarm systems.<n>We illustrate their applications across key stages of drug discovery, including literature synthesis, toxicity prediction, automated protocol generation, small-molecule synthesis, drug repurposing, and end-to-end decision-making.
• Score: 1.9777700354742123
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are emerging as transformative tools in drug discovery, with the ability to autonomously reason, act, and learn through complicated research workflows. Building on large language models (LLMs) coupled with perception, computation, action, and memory tools, these agentic AI systems could integrate diverse biomedical data, execute tasks, carry out experiments via robotic platforms, and iteratively refine hypotheses in closed loops. We provide a conceptual and technical overview of agentic AI architectures, ranging from ReAct and Reflection to Supervisor and Swarm systems, and illustrate their applications across key stages of drug discovery, including literature synthesis, toxicity prediction, automated protocol generation, small-molecule synthesis, drug repurposing, and end-to-end decision-making. To our knowledge, this represents the first comprehensive work to present real-world implementations and quantifiable impacts of agentic AI systems deployed in operational drug discovery settings. Early implementations demonstrate substantial gains in speed, reproducibility, and scalability, compressing workflows that once took months into hours while maintaining scientific traceability. We discuss the current challenges related to data heterogeneity, system reliability, privacy, and benchmarking, and outline future directions towards technology in support of science and translation.

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