Minute-Scale Photonic Quantum Memory

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12537v1
• Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2025 10:12:20 GMT
• Title: Minute-Scale Photonic Quantum Memory
• Authors: You-Cai Lv, Yu-Jia Zhu, Zong-Quan Zhou, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo,
• Abstract summary: Long-lived storage of single photons is a fundamental requirement for enabling quantum communication.<n>We introduce a noiseless photon echo protocol, which makes full use of the crystal's natural absorption for photonic storage.<n>At a storage time of 5.6 s, we achieve a time-bin qubit storage fidelity of 88.0 $pm$ 2.1%, surpassing the maximum fidelity attainable via classical strategies.
• Score: 1.2251486478020075
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Long-lived storage of single photons is a fundamental requirement for enabling quantum communication and foundational tests of quantum physics over extended distances. While the implementation of a global-scale quantum network requires quantum storage times on the order of seconds to minutes, existing photonic quantum memories have so far been limited to subsecond lifetimes. Although $^{151}$Eu$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystals exhibit substantially extended spin coherence times at the `magic' magnetic field, the concomitant weak optical absorption has until now prevented single-photon storage. Here, we overcome this challenge by integrating a noiseless photon echo protocol -- which makes full use of the crystal's natural absorption for photonic storage -- with a universally robust dynamical decoupling sequence incorporating adiabatic pulses to protect nuclear spin coherence, enabling long-lived quantum storage at the `magic' magnetic field. At a storage time of 5.6 s, we achieve a time-bin qubit storage fidelity of 88.0 $\pm$ 2.1%, surpassing the maximum fidelity attainable via classical strategies. Our device reaches a $1/e$ storage lifetime of 27.6 $\pm$ 0.6 s, enabling single-photon-level storage for 42 s with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than unity. This work establishes photonic quantum memory in the minute-scale regime, laying a solid foundation for global-scale quantum network and deep-space quantum experiments.

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