Related papers: 50-km fiber interferometer for testing gravitational signatures in quantum interference

50-km fiber interferometer for testing gravitational signatures in quantum interference

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17022v2
Date: Fri, 28 Nov 2025 09:51:39 GMT
Title: 50-km fiber interferometer for testing gravitational signatures in quantum interference
Authors: Haocun Yu, Dorotea Macri, Thomas Morling, Eleonora Polini, Thomas B. Mieling, Peter Barrow, Begüm Kabagöz, Xinghui Yin, Piotr T. Chruściel, Christopher Hilweg, Eric Oelker, Nergis Mavalvala, Philip Walther,
Abstract summary: We report the realization of a 50-km table-top Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer operating at the single-photon level.<n>We demonstrate that this sensitivity is sufficient to resolve a phase-shift signal of $(6.18 pm 0.44)times10$ rad root-mean-square (RMS) within the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 5 Hz.
Score: 0.0
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract: Quantum mechanics and general relativity are the foundational pillars of modern physics, yet experimental tests that combine the two frameworks remain rare. Measuring optical phase shifts of massless photons in a gravitational potential provides a unique quantum platform to probe gravity beyond Newtonian descriptions, but laboratory-based interferometers have not yet reached the sensitivity needed to access this regime. Here, we report the realization of a 50-km table-top Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer operating at the single-photon level, achieving a phase sensitivity of $4.42\times10^{-6}$ rad root-mean-square (RMS) within the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 5 Hz. We demonstrate that this sensitivity is sufficient to resolve a phase-shift signal of $(6.18 \pm 0.44)\times10^{-5}$ rad RMS at 0.1 Hz, associated with a modulated gravity-induced signal. Our results establish a milestone for quantum sensing with large-scale optical interferometry, demonstrating the capability to detect gravitational redshifts in a local laboratory, thereby paving the way for testing quantum phenomena within general relativistic frameworks.

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