Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14528v1
• Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 16:03:54 GMT
• Title: Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity
• Authors: Edward Gheorghita, Sebastian Wald, Andrea Pupić, Onur Hosten,
• Abstract summary: Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors.<n>We demonstrate continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole trap, realizing this regime.<n>We characterize the resulting continuously maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity field.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors. Here, we demonstrate continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole trap, realizing this regime. The key ingredient is a light-shift manipulation that creates spatially varying cooling parameters, enabling efficient capture and accumulation of atoms within a cavity mode. Demonstrated with rubidium atoms, a continuous flux from a source cell is funneled through the magneto-optical trap into the cavity mode, where the atoms are cooled and maintained below $10~μ\text{K}$ in steady state without time-sequenced operation. We characterize the resulting continuously maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity field, establishing a route toward continuously operated cavity-QED systems and long-duration atomic and hybrid quantum sensors.

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