Generalized cluster states in 2+1d: non-invertible symmetries, interfaces, and parameterized families

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08615v1
• Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2026 15:00:00 GMT
• Title: Generalized cluster states in 2+1d: non-invertible symmetries, interfaces, and parameterized families
• Authors: Kansei Inamura, Shuhei Ohyama,
• Abstract summary: We construct 2+1-dimensional lattice models of symmetry-protected topological phases with non-invertible symmetries.<n>We study the symmetry acting on the interface between two generalized cluster states.<n>We also study the topological charge pumping phenomena, known as the generalized Thouless pump.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We construct 2+1-dimensional lattice models of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases with non-invertible symmetries and investigate their properties using tensor networks. These models, which we refer to as generalized cluster models, are constructed by gauging a subgroup symmetry $H \subset G$ in models with a finite group 0-form symmetry $G$. By construction, these models have a non-invertible symmetry described by the group-theoretical fusion 2-category $\mathcal{C}(G; H)$. After identifying the tensor network representations of the symmetry operators, we study the symmetry acting on the interface between two generalized cluster states. In particular, we will see that the symmetry at the interface is described by a multifusion category known as the strip 2-algebra. By studying possible interface modes allowed by this symmetry, we show that the interface between generalized cluster states in different SPT phases must be degenerate. This result generalizes the ordinary bulk-boundary correspondence. Furthermore, we construct parameterized families of generalized cluster states and study the topological charge pumping phenomena, known as the generalized Thouless pump. We exemplify our construction with several concrete cases, and compare them with known phases, such as SPT phases with $2\mathrm{Rep}((\mathbb{Z}_{2}^{[1]}\times\mathbb{Z}_{2}^{[1]})\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_{2}^{[0]})$ symmetry.

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