Quantum Error Correction on Error-mitigated Physical Qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18384v1
• Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2026 11:33:01 GMT
• Title: Quantum Error Correction on Error-mitigated Physical Qubits
• Authors: Minjun Jeon, Zhenyu Cai,
• Abstract summary: We present a framework for applying quantum error mitigation techniques directly to physical qubits to suppress logical errors.<n>We show that a-3 code with physical-level PEC achieves lower distance than ungated code while using 40% and fewer fewer rates.<n>These results establish physical QEM as a widely compatible and 64% fault-tolerant architecture.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We present a general framework for applying linear quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques directly to physical qubits within a logical qubit to suppress logical errors. By exploiting the linearity of quantum error correction (QEC), we demonstrate that any linear QEM method$\unicode{x2014}$including probabilistic error cancellation (PEC), zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE), and symmetry verification$\unicode{x2014}$can be integrated into the physical layer without requiring modifications to the subsequent QEC decoder. Applying this framework to memory experiments using PEC, we analytically prove and numerically verify that the leading-order contribution to the logical error can be removed, increasing the effective code distance by 2. Our simulations on repetition and rotated surface codes show that a distance-3 code with physical-level PEC achieves logical error rates lower than or similar to a distance-5 unmitigated code while using 40% and 64% fewer qubits, respectively. These results establish physical-level QEM as a widely compatible and resource-efficient strategy for enhancing logical performance in early fault-tolerant architectures.

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