Makespan Minimization in Split Learning: From Theory to Practice

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06693v1
• Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:22:44 GMT
• Title: Makespan Minimization in Split Learning: From Theory to Practice
• Authors: Robert Ganian, Fionn Mc Inerney, Dimitra Tsigkari,
• Abstract summary: Split learning is a solution for distributed machine learning with heterogeneous IoT devices.<n>We show how to minimize the training time by jointly devising the client-helper assignment and the schedule of tasks at the helpers.
• Score: 19.128619079473413
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Split learning recently emerged as a solution for distributed machine learning with heterogeneous IoT devices, where clients can offload part of their training to computationally-powerful helpers. The core challenge in split learning is to minimize the training time by jointly devising the client-helper assignment and the schedule of tasks at the helpers. We first study the model where each helper has a memory cardinality constraint on how many clients it may be assigned, which represents the case of homogeneous tasks. Through complexity theory, we rule out exact polynomial-time algorithms and approximation schemes even for highly restricted instances of this problem. We complement these negative results with a non-trivial polynomial-time 5-approximation algorithm. Building on this, we then focus on the more general heterogeneous task setting considered by Tirana et al. [INFOCOM 2024], where helpers have memory capacity constraints and clients have variable memory costs. In this case, we prove that, unless P=NP, the problem cannot admit a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for any approximation factor. However, by adapting our aforementioned 5-approximation algorithm, we develop a novel heuristic for the heterogeneous task setting and show that it outperforms heuristics from prior works through extensive experiments.

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