Entanglement in quantum spin chains is strictly finite at any temperature

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13386v1
• Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 19:00:00 GMT
• Title: Entanglement in quantum spin chains is strictly finite at any temperature
• Authors: Ainesh Bakshi, Soonwon Choi, Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo,
• Abstract summary: Entanglement is the hallmark of quantum physics.<n>We prove that the Gibbs state of any quantum spin chain can be exactly decomposed into a mixture of matrix product states.
• Score: 2.3577368017815696
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Entanglement is the hallmark of quantum physics, yet its characterization in interacting many-body systems at thermal equilibrium remains one of the most important challenges in quantum statistical physics. We prove that the Gibbs state of any quantum spin chain can be exactly decomposed into a mixture of matrix product states with a bond dimension that is independent of the system size, at any finite temperature. As a consequence, the Schmidt number, arguably the most stringent measure of bipartite entanglement, is strictly finite for thermal states, even in the thermodynamic limit. Our decomposition is explicit and is accompanied by an efficient classical algorithm to sample the resulting matrix product states.

Related papers

• Quantum thermalization of translation-invariant systems at high temperature [0.0]
  Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium.<n>Despite its ubiquity and conceptual significance, the precise conditions that give rise to quantum thermalization are still not well understood.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-09-11T18:00:01Z)
• Universality of critical dynamics with finite entanglement [68.8204255655161]
  We study how low-energy dynamics of quantum systems near criticality are modified by finite entanglement. Our result establishes the precise role played by entanglement in time-dependent critical phenomena.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-01-23T19:23:54Z)
• Impossibility of bosonic autonomous entanglement engines in the weak-coupling limit [3.4137115855910767]
  Entangled states are fragile and maintaining coherence is a central challenge in quantum information processing. We show that a unique steady state is always separable.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-12-26T22:09:54Z)
• Observation of partial and infinite-temperature thermalization induced by repeated measurements on a quantum hardware [62.997667081978825]
  We observe partial and infinite-temperature thermalization on a quantum superconducting processor. We show that the convergence does not tend to a completely mixed (infinite-temperature) state, but to a block-diagonal state in the observable basis.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-11-14T15:18:11Z)
• Demonstrating Quantum Microscopic Reversibility Using Coherent States of Light [58.8645797643406]
  We propose and experimentally test a quantum generalization of the microscopic reversibility when a quantum system interacts with a heat bath. We verify that the quantum modification for the principle of microscopic reversibility is critical in the low-temperature limit.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-05-26T00:25:29Z)
• Criticality-enhanced quantum sensor at finite temperature [44.23814225750129]
  We propose a thermodynamic-criticality-enhanced quantum sensing scenario at finite temperature. It is revealed that the thermodynamic criticality of the Dicke model can significantly improve the sensing precision.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-10-15T02:39:31Z)
• Taking the temperature of a pure quantum state [55.41644538483948]
  Temperature is a deceptively simple concept that still raises deep questions at the forefront of quantum physics research. We propose a scheme to measure the temperature of such pure states through quantum interference.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-30T18:18:37Z)
• Canonical density matrices from eigenstates of mixed systems [0.0]
  We study the emergence of thermal states in the regime of a quantum analog of a mixed phase space. Our system can be tuned by means of a single parameter from quantum integrability to quantum chaos.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-10T10:19:05Z)
• Lieb's Theorem and Maximum Entropy Condensates [0.0]
  In a broad class of lattices Floquet heating can actually be an advantageous effect. We show that the maximum entropy steady states which form upon driving the ground state of the Hubbard model on unbalanced bi-partite lattices possess uniform off-diagonal long-range order. This creation of a hot' condensate can occur on textitany driven unbalanced lattice and provides an understanding of how heating can, at the macroscopic level, expose and alter the order in a quantum system.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-08T11:51:08Z)
• Evolution of a Non-Hermitian Quantum Single-Molecule Junction at Constant Temperature [62.997667081978825]
  We present a theory for describing non-Hermitian quantum systems embedded in constant-temperature environments. We find that the combined action of probability losses and thermal fluctuations assists quantum transport through the molecular junction.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-01-21T14:33:34Z)
• Experimental Validation of Fully Quantum Fluctuation Theorems Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks [48.7576911714538]
  Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. We experimentally verify detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange using two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-12-11T12:55:17Z)
• Thermalization of isolated quantum many-body system and the role of entanglement [1.0485739694839669]
  We show that entanglement may act as a thermalizing agent, not universally but particularly. In particular, we show that the expectation values of an observable in entangled energy eigenstates and its marginals are equivalent to the microcanonical and canonical averages of the observable.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-09-22T09:37:38Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.