From superradiance to collective EIT in three-level ensembles

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16892v1
• Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:20:09 GMT
• Title: From superradiance to collective EIT in three-level ensembles
• Authors: Hugo Sanchez, Luis F. A. da Silva, Mickel A. Ponte, Miled H. Y. Moussa, Norton G. de Almeida,
• Abstract summary: transient superradiant burst exhibits the expected peak intensity scaling $I_max!sim! N2$, with a universal finite-size correction $|(N)-2|!sim! 1/ln N$.<n>In the stationary regime, collective broadening modifies the EIT response, leading to a relative scaling $v_g!propto! N2$, even while $v_g!ll! c$.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate the collective dynamics of a three-level ensemble under the Dicke limit, revealing a unified connection between superradiant emission and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Our results show that the transient superradiant burst exhibits the expected peak intensity scaling $I_{\max}\!\sim\! N^2$, with a universal finite-size correction $|ξ(N)-2|\!\sim\! 1/\ln N$ that governs the apparent scaling exponent in realistic ensembles. In the stationary regime, collective broadening modifies the EIT response: although it typically enhances absorption, it counterintuitively increases the group velocity, leading to a relative scaling $v_g\!\propto\! N^2$, even while $v_g\!\ll\! c$. This effect suggests that cooperative interactions fundamentally limit the achievable slow-light delay in dense media. To achieve these results, we derive a representative-atom master equation that quantitatively reproduces both the superradiant and EIT regimes, in excellent agreement with the exact symmetric-subspace dynamics and correctly incorporating collective feedback and $N$-dependent broadening. This unified framework bridges transient superradiant emission and steady-state quantum interference, with direct implications for slow light, quantum memories, and precision metrology.

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