Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution using W states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00937v1
• Date: Sun, 01 Mar 2026 06:00:23 GMT
• Title: Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution using W states
• Authors: Makoto Ishihara, Wojciech Roga, Masahiro Takeoka,
• Abstract summary: We show that multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is possible with W states.<n>We propose a long-distance multipartite DI-QKD protocol with single-photon interference.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD), also known as device-independent conference key agreement, enables more than two remote parties to share a common key with information-theoretic security even without trusting the devices. So far, several multipartite DI-QKD protocols have been proposed where Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are used as multipartite entanglement. A natural question is then whether one can construct multipartite DI-QKD with the other type of multipartite entanglement. W state is of particular interest since it is intrinsically different from GHZ state and in some cases, easier to optically implement. In this paper, we show that multipartite DI-QKD is possible with W states. To this end, we construct Bell inequalities largely violated by W states, which can be used for the multipartite DI-QKD. Furthermore, we consider several different implementation scenarios. First, we analyze the minimum required detection efficiencies to extract finite amount of keys. Then we propose a long-distance multipartite DI-QKD protocol with single-photon interference and make detailed analyses with several physical implementation scenarios. We show that the protocol enables secret key distribution over longer distances than the existing multipartite DI-QKD protocols based on GHZ states. This study provides new insight about the relationship between multipartite entanglement and device-independent quantum information processing as well as opens an alternative path toward long-distance multipartite DI-QKD.

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