Robust quantum metrology using disordered probes

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11635v1
• Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 15:45:42 GMT
• Title: Robust quantum metrology using disordered probes
• Abstract summary: Disorder is ubiquitous in quantum devices including quantum probes designed and fabricated for quantum parameter estimation and sensing.<n>We define a disorder marker quantifying the effect of the disorder by expanding the quantum Fisher information in terms of different orders of the standardized central moments of the disorder-distributions.<n>We classify the quantum probes in terms of the possible values of the disorder marker, and analytically show, for a disorder-sensitive probe with identical and weak disorder on all or a subset of the parameters of the probe-Hamiltonian, that the absolute value of the disorder marker exhibits a quadratic dependence on the disorder strength.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Disorder is ubiquitous in quantum devices including quantum probes designed and fabricated for quantum parameter estimation and sensing. We investigate the robustness of a quantum probe against the presence of glassy disorder. We define a disorder marker quantifying the effect of the disorder by expanding the quantum Fisher information in terms of different orders of the standardized central moments of the disorder-distributions. We classify the quantum probes in terms of the possible values of the disorder marker, and analytically show, for a disorder-sensitive probe with identical and weak disorder on all or a subset of the parameters of the probe-Hamiltonian, that the absolute value of the disorder marker exhibits a quadratic dependence on the disorder strength. We derive a robustness scale intrinsic to the probe that competes with the disorder, and provide a prescription for estimating the maximum disorder strength that the probe can withstand from the disorder-free probe-Hamiltonian for a given initial state of the probe, which can be computed without the disorder averaging. We demonstrate our results in the case of a single-qubit probe under disordered magnetic field, and a multi-qubit probe described by a disordered one-dimensional Kitaev model with nearest-neighbor interactions.

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