Loss-biased fault-tolerant quantum error correction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21876v1
• Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2026 17:21:39 GMT
• Title: Loss-biased fault-tolerant quantum error correction
• Abstract summary: Shorter quantum error correction cycles amplify platform-specific errors, leading to non-Markovian correlated errors that degrade logical performance.<n>We introduce loss biasing, where spurious Rydberg excitations are rapidly converted into atom loss via mid-circuit ionization.<n>Loss biasing restores the fault-tolerant logical error scaling for intra-cycle Pauli errors and enables shorter QEC cycles with reduced hardware overhead.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate the limits of quantum error correction (QEC) in neutral-atom processors approaching high-fidelity gates and fast cycle times. We show that shorter QEC cycles amplify platform-specific errors, notably Rydberg excitation hopping, and hinder decay of residual Rydberg population, leading to non-Markovian correlated errors that degrade logical performance. To address this, we introduce loss biasing, where spurious Rydberg excitations are rapidly converted into atom loss via mid-circuit ionization, transforming errors into erasure-like noise and suppressing their propagation. Loss biasing restores the fault-tolerant logical error scaling for intra-cycle Pauli errors; furthermore, we argue that when supported with loss-aware decoding, it can achieve the optimal scaling of erasures while enabling shorter QEC cycles with reduced hardware overhead. We outline an implementation using fast autoionization in alkaline-earth(-like) atoms, establishing loss biasing as a practical route toward fault-tolerant quantum computing with sub-millisecond QEC cycles.

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