GenMed: A Pairwise Generative Reformulation of Medical Diagnostic Tasks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10645v1
• Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 14:32:09 GMT
• Title: GenMed: A Pairwise Generative Reformulation of Medical Diagnostic Tasks
• Abstract summary: We model the joint distribution $P(X,Y)$ using diffusion models and reframe inference as a test-time output optimization problem.<n>Our framework enables flexible, gradient-based conditioning at inference time without architectural changes or retraining.<n>Our results highlight the versatility of generative joint modeling as a foundation for reusable, task-agnostic medical AI systems.
• Score: 32.49998442428115
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Data-driven medical AI is traditionally formulated as a discriminative mapping from input $X$ to output $Y$ via a learned function $f$, which does not generalize well across heterogeneous data and modalities encountered in real-world clinical settings. In this work, we propose a fundamentally different, generative paradigm. We model the joint distribution $P(X,Y)$ using diffusion models and reframe inference as a test-time output optimization problem. By guiding the generative process to match observed inputs, our framework enables flexible, gradient-based conditioning at inference time without architectural changes or retraining, effectively supporting arbitrary and previously unseen combinations of observations. Extensive experiments demonstrate strong performance across standard and cross-modality medical image segmentation, few-shot segmentation with only 2 or 4 training samples, degraded-input segmentation, shape completion from sparse and partial observations, and zero-shot application to demonstrate generality. To support these evaluations, we curated and released a large-scale text-shape dataset derived from MedShapeNet. Our results highlight the versatility of generative joint modeling as a foundation for reusable, task-agnostic medical AI systems.

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