UfM*: Uncertainty from Motion* for DNN Depth Estimation Using Gaussians

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23098v1
• Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 23:08:42 GMT
• Title: UfM*: Uncertainty from Motion* for DNN Depth Estimation Using Gaussians
• Abstract summary: Uncertainty from Motion* (UfM*) is an uncertainty estimation algorithm that measures multiview disagreement efficiently.<n>We demonstrate UfM* consumes only 63 mJ per 224x224 image while running real-time at 30 FPS on an Arm Cortex-A76 CPU onboard a miniature energy-constrained robot.
• Score: 18.18811563064948
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Reliable uncertainty estimation is critical for deploying monocular depth deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety-critical robotic systems. Conventional uncertainty methods such as ensembles and sampling-based approaches require multiple inferences per image, incurring substantial compute and memory overhead. Moreover, uncertainty predicted from a single image misses out on measuring disagreement between predictions across views of the same region. We propose Uncertainty from Motion* (UfM*), an uncertainty estimation algorithm that measures multiview disagreement efficiently by comparing previous and current views using a compact Gaussian mixture, requiring only a single DNN inference per image. Using Gaussians to compute multiview disagreement is not only more compute- and memory-efficient than a prior approach using a point cloud, but also improves uncertainty by measuring disagreement across regions of 3D space. UfM* paired with aleatoric uncertainty improves expected calibration error by 24-28% compared to an ensemble, while requiring only 3% of the energy and 0.02% of the memory on 100 out-of-distribution ScanNet sequences. We demonstrate UfM* consumes only 63 mJ per 224x224 image while running real-time at 30 FPS on an Arm Cortex-A76 CPU onboard a miniature energy-constrained robot, highlighting that measuring multiview disagreement using Gaussians enables efficient uncertainty for resource-constrained robotic systems.

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