Quantum learning with a single-atom sensor

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15071v1
• Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:00:59 GMT
• Title: Quantum learning with a single-atom sensor
• Abstract summary: We study the impact of quantum mechanics on an agent's ability to sense external inputs and to translate them into actions.<n>Our results indicate that the quantum properties of the sensor radically affect the optimal way to convert external stimuli into actions.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The ability to gather information and to act upon it is at the core of every learning agent. But what is the impact of quantum mechanics on an agent's ability to sense external inputs and to translate them into actions? Here we address the question for a prototype task of learning agency at the quantum scale: rotating a single spin based on information gathered by a single atom. We determine the ultimate performance limit for this task, revealing a fundamental tradeoff between entanglement at the sensing stage and coherence at the action stage: if the single-atom sensor is not entangled with the quantum system serving as the agent's internal memory, then the best learning strategy requires a coherent transfer of quantum information from the sensor to the system that controls the agent's actions. In contrast, if the sensor is initially entangled with the agent's memory, then the transfer of quantum information is no longer necessary. Our results indicate that the quantum properties of the sensor radically affect the optimal way to convert external stimuli into actions, revealing a link between quantum sensing and the behavior of quantum agents.

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