Stochastic signal sensing with finite energy and dead time at the fundamental quantum limit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18133v1
• Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 16:33:59 GMT
• Title: Stochastic signal sensing with finite energy and dead time at the fundamental quantum limit
• Abstract summary: We study the effect on sensing an ultralight signal, relevant for the detection of dark matter and other searches for fundamental physics.<n>We prove that two-mode squeezed vacuum is the optimal probe state given a finite mean-energy constraint for a family of incoherent sensing problems.<n>For estimating a gain independent of a loss, we show that entanglement is a required resource to achieve the fundamental quantum limit.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: State preparation, measurement, and reset operations take finite time and use finite energy in realistic experiments, yet the impact of this on optimal quantum metrological protocols is not properly understood. We study the effect on sensing a stochastic signal, relevant for the detection of ultralight dark matter and other searches for fundamental physics. We prove that two-mode squeezed vacuum is the optimal probe state given a finite mean-energy constraint for a family of incoherent sensing problems, including noise sensing and quantum illumination. For estimating a gain independent of a loss, we show that entanglement is a required resource to achieve the fundamental quantum limit and observe a non-Gaussian to Gaussian transition in the optimal unentangled state as the dead time increases. We apply our results to bulk acoustic wave resonators.

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