Single-Channel EEG-Based Cognitive Load Assessment in Online Learning: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01795v1
• Date: Thu, 02 Jul 2026 07:13:01 GMT
• Title: Single-Channel EEG-Based Cognitive Load Assessment in Online Learning: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach
• Abstract summary: We study whether a single-channel, consumer-grade EEG device can distinguish easy from difficult educational-video content.<n>We implement a hybrid CNN+LSTM+Attention model that combines the raw waveform with band-power features.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Monitoring cognitive load during online learning could help instructors identify content that learners find difficult, but remote settings remove the visual cues that support this judgement in a classroom. We study whether a single-channel, consumer-grade EEG device (the NeuroSky MindWave Mobile 2) can distinguish easy from difficult educational-video content, using the publicly available dataset of Wang et al. [24] (ten learners, one excluded for excessive noise, leaving nine). We implement a hybrid CNN+LSTM+Attention model that combines the raw waveform with band-power features. In a within-subject setting, the model reaches up to 78.5% accuracy, compared with 55% for conventional feature-based classifiers; regularization (dropout and L2) closes the large gap between training and validation accuracy that we observe without it, keeping validation accuracy stable at roughly 68-73%. We are deliberately cautious about these numbers: with only nine subjects, within-subject evaluation is optimistic, and we argue that subject-independent evaluation -- in which no learner appears in both training and test data -- should be the standard for this task. To that end we release a reproducible evaluation pipeline. We frame the work as a feasibility study rather than a deployable system, and pair it with an open, notebook-based tool that records EEG, runs inference, and visualizes estimated cognitive load as a heatmap over the video timeline to help educators locate potentially challenging segments.

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