WNOJ-LIO: A White-Noise-on-Jerk Motion-Prior EKF for High-Dynamic LiDAR-IMU Fusion

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13405v1
• Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 03:07:44 GMT
• Title: WNOJ-LIO: A White-Noise-on-Jerk Motion-Prior EKF for High-Dynamic LiDAR-IMU Fusion
• Abstract summary: WNOJ-LIO is a LiDAR-IMU fusion framework based on a White-Noise-on-Jerk (WNOJ) Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)<n>This paper presents WNOJ-LIO, a LiDAR-IMU fusion framework based on a White-Noise-on-Jerk (WNOJ) Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)
• Score: 8.088340425767125
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO) is a key component of autonomous navigation, but high-dynamic driving exposes two coupled challenges: intra-scan motion distortion and vibration-contaminated inertial measurements. Most real-time LiDAR-inertial pipelines propagate the system state by integrating raw IMU measurements and then use the propagated trajectory for point cloud de-distortion, thereby propagating inertial noise into both the corrected scan and the subsequent scan-to-map registration. This paper presents WNOJ-LIO, a LiDAR-IMU fusion framework based on a White-Noise-on-Jerk (WNOJ) Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). WNOJ-LIO employs a decoupled WNOJ prior on $\R^3 \times \SO(3)$ for state prediction and treats the IMU as a high-frequency measurement source rather than the driver of state propagation. The resulting posterior state history is then used for LiDAR scan de-distortion and subsequent point-to-plane LiDAR updates. The decoupled process model enables closed-form covariance propagation, thereby bridging the gap between batch WNOJ Gaussian process (GP) trajectory priors and recursive filtering. Simulation results demonstrate improvements in acceleration and angular-velocity denoising, scan de-distortion, and localization accuracy over a FAST-LIO-style baseline. Real-world experiments were conducted using an autonomous racing car on four driving segments with maximum speeds ranging from 53 to 208~km/h, covering a wide range of vehicle vibration levels. The experiments further validate the proposed method and provide a comprehensive evaluation of its performance in estimating acceleration, angular velocity, body-frame linear velocity, attitude, and position under highly dynamic driving. The source code of WNOJ-LIO is publicly available at https://github.com/LvJohny/wnoj-ekf-lio.git.

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