Two-photon phase-sensing with single-photon detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.02586v1
• Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2020 08:50:37 GMT
• Title: Two-photon phase-sensing with single-photon detection
• Authors: Panagiotis Vergyris, Charles Babin, Raphael Nold, Elie Gouzien, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Olivier Alibart, S\'ebastien Tanzilli, Florian Kaiser
• Abstract summary: Path-entangled multi-photon states allow optical phase-sensing beyond the shot-noise limit. We exploit advanced quantum state engineering based on superposing two photon-pair creation events. We infer phase shifts by measuring the average intensity of the single-photon beam on a photodiode.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Path-entangled multi-photon states allow optical phase-sensing beyond the shot-noise limit, provided that an efficient parity measurement can be implemented. Realising this experimentally is technologically demanding, as it requires coincident single-photon detection proportional to the number of photons involved, which represents a severe challenge for achieving a practical quantum advantage over classical methods. Here, we exploit advanced quantum state engineering based on superposing two photon-pair creation events to realise a new approach that bypasses this issue. In particular, optical phase shifts are probed with a two-photon quantum state whose information is subsequently effectively transferred to a single-photon state. Notably, without any multiphoton detection, we infer phase shifts by measuring the average intensity of the single-photon beam on a photodiode, in analogy to standard classical measurements. Importantly, our approach maintains the quantum advantage: twice as many interference fringes are observed for the same phase shift, corresponding to N=2 path-entangled photons. Our results demonstrate that the advantages of quantum-enhanced phase-sensing can be fully exploited in standard intensity measurements, paving the way towards resource-efficient and practical quantum optical metrology.

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