Gauge invariant quantum thermodynamics: consequences for the first law

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.10153v5
• Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 20:31:54 GMT
• Title: Gauge invariant quantum thermodynamics: consequences for the first law
• Authors: Lucas Chibebe C\'eleri and {\L}ukasz Rudnicki
• Abstract summary: Information theory plays a major role in the identification of thermodynamic functions. We explicitly construct physically motivated gauge transformations which encode a gentle variant of coarse-graining behind thermodynamics. As a consequence, we reinterpret quantum work and heat, as well as the role of quantum coherence.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Universality of classical thermodynamics rests on the central limit theorem, due to which, measurements of thermal fluctuations are unable to reveal detailed information regarding the microscopic structure of a macroscopic body. When small systems are considered and fluctuations become important, thermodynamic quantities can be understood in the context of classical stochastic mechanics. A fundamental assumption behind thermodynamics is therefore that of coarse-graning, which stems from a substantial lack of control over all degrees of freedom. However, when quantum systems are concerned, one claims a high level of control. As a consequence, information theory plays a major role in the identification of thermodynamic functions. Here, drawing from the concept of gauge symmetry, essential in all modern physical theories, we put forward a new possible, intermediate route. Working within the realm of quantum thermodynamics we explicitly construct physically motivated gauge transformations which encode a gentle variant of coarse-graining behind thermodynamics. As a consequence, we reinterpret quantum work and heat, as well as the role of quantum coherence.

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