Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00306v1
• Date: Tue, 1 Feb 2022 10:09:51 GMT
• Title: Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
• Abstract summary: Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. We aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. We characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage $V_{\pi/2}$ of these modulators increases due to the decrease of the electro-optic effect by 74% for the phase modulator, 84% for the directional coupler and 35% for the polarisation converter below 8.5$\,\mathrm{K}$. The phase modulator preserves its broadband nature and modulates light in the characterised wavelength range. The unbiased bar state of the directional coupler changed by a wavelength shift of 85$\,\mathrm{nm}$ while cooling the device down to 5$\,\mathrm{K}$. The polarisation converter uses periodic poling to phasematch the two orthogonal polarisations. The phasematched wavelength of the used poling changes by 112$\,\mathrm{nm}$ when cooling to 5$\,\mathrm{K}$

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