Fault-Tolerant Preparation of Quantum Polar Codes Encoding One Logical Qubit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06673v1
• Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2022 14:30:09 GMT
• Title: Fault-Tolerant Preparation of Quantum Polar Codes Encoding One Logical Qubit
• Authors: Ashutosh Goswami, Mehdi Mhalla, Valentin Savin
• Abstract summary: We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit. We show that a subfamily of $mathcalQ_1$ codes is equivalent to the well-known family of Shor codes. We use Steane's error correction technique, which incorporates the proposed fault-tolerant code state preparation procedure.
• Score: 5.607676459156789
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: This paper explores a new approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing, relying on quantum polar codes. We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit, which we refer to as $\mathcal{Q}_1$ codes. First, we show that a subfamily of $\mathcal{Q}_1$ codes is equivalent to the well-known family of Shor codes. Moreover, we show that $\mathcal{Q}_1$ codes significantly outperform Shor codes, of the same length and minimum distance. Second, we consider the fault-tolerant preparation of $\mathcal{Q}_1$ code states. We give a recursive procedure to prepare a $\mathcal{Q}_1$ code state, based on two-qubit Pauli measurements only. The procedure is not by itself fault-tolerant, however, the measurement operations therein provide redundant classical bits, which can be advantageously used for error detection. Fault tolerance is then achieved by combining the proposed recursive procedure with an error detection method. Finally, we consider the fault-tolerant error correction of $\mathcal{Q}_1$ codes. We use Steane's error correction technique, which incorporates the proposed fault-tolerant code state preparation procedure. We provide numerical estimates of the logical error rates for $\mathcal{Q}_1$ and Shor codes of length $16$ and $64$ qubits, assuming a circuit-level depolarizing noise model. Remarkably, the $\mathcal{Q}_1$ code of length $64$ qubits achieves a pseudothreshold value slightly below $1\%$, demonstrating the potential of polar codes for fault-tolerant quantum computing.

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