A Theory of Complex Adaptive Learning in Complex Adaptive Systems and a Non-Localized Wave Equation in Quantum Mechanics

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15554v9
• Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 05:48:16 GMT
• Title: A Theory of Complex Adaptive Learning in Complex Adaptive Systems and a Non-Localized Wave Equation in Quantum Mechanics
• Authors: Leilei Shi, Xinshuai Guo, Jiuchang Wei, Wei Zhang, Guocheng Wang, Bing-Hong Wang
• Abstract summary: This paper studies the formation mechanism, such as quantum entanglement, in complex adaptive quantum systems. It supports the assumption that a universal law exists in quantum mechanics and finance. The interactively coherent forces generate particles with two opposite properties in a bipartite complex adaptive quantum system.
• Score: 3.398972459603379
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Complex adaptive learning is intelligent. It is adaptive, learns in feedback loops, and generates hidden patterns as many individuals, elements or particles interact in complex adaptive systems (CASs). It is uncertain and crucial in life and inanimate complex systems cutting across all traditional natural and social sciences disciplines. However, having a universal law in complexity sciences and understanding the formation mechanism, such as quantum entanglement in complex adaptive quantum systems, is challenging. Quantifying the uncertainty by probability waves in CASs, the authors explore the inherent logical relationship between the Schr\"odinger wave equation in quantum mechanics and Shi's trading volume-price probability wave equation in finance. The authors find a non-localized wave equation in quantum mechanics if cumulative observable in a time interval represents momentum or momentum force in Skinner-Shi (reinforcement-frequency-interaction) coordinates. It supports the assumption that a universal law exists in quantum mechanics and finance. The authors conclude that quantum entanglement is a coherent interaction between opposite, adaptive, and complementary forces instead of a superposition of two coherent states that mainstream Copenhagen interprets. The interactively coherent forces generate particles with two opposite properties in a bipartite complex adaptive quantum system, suggesting industrialized production of quantum entanglement available.

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