Related papers: Classical derivation of Bose-Einstein statistics

Classical derivation of Bose-Einstein statistics

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.02069v2
Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2023 17:54:17 GMT
Title: Classical derivation of Bose-Einstein statistics
Authors: Paul Tangney
Abstract summary: I prove that, at thermal equilibrium, the observed distribution of energy is a Bose-Einstein distribution. I identify characteristics of the classical independent-oscillator Hamiltonian that make my derivation of the distribution possible.
Score: 0.0
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: Without invoking quantum mechanics I prove that, at thermal equilibrium, the observed distribution of energy among any set of non-interacting harmonic oscillators is a Bose-Einstein distribution, albeit with an unknown constant, ${h_?}$, in place of Planck's constant, $h$. I identify characteristics of the classical independent-oscillator Hamiltonian that make my derivation of the Bose-Einstein distribution possible, and I point out that other classical physical systems, such as an ideal gas, have Hamiltonians that can be transformed canonically into forms with these characteristics. If ${h_?=h}$, among the implications of this work are that (i) there is no discrepancy between the experimentally-observed spectrum of a blackbody and what should be expected if light was a mechanical wave in a bounded medium; (ii) there is no discrepancy between the experimentally-observed temperature dependence of a crystal's heat capacity and what should be expected of classical lattice waves; and (iii) when a cluster of massive particles is cold enough, the classical expectation should be that almost all of its vibrational energy is possessed by its lowest-frequency normal mode. Therefore, below a certain temperature, all but one of its degrees of freedom are almost inactive and it is a Bose-Einstein condensate.

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