Liouvillian Dynamics of the Open Schwinger Model: String Breaking and
Kinetic Dissipation in a Thermal Medium
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03878v4
- Date: Thu, 4 Jan 2024 05:35:27 GMT
- Title: Liouvillian Dynamics of the Open Schwinger Model: String Breaking and
Kinetic Dissipation in a Thermal Medium
- Authors: Kyle Lee, James Mulligan, Felix Ringer and Xiaojun Yao
- Abstract summary: We consider the string-breaking dynamics within the Schwinger model and investigate its modification inside a thermal medium.
We analyze the Liouvillian gaps of a Lindblad equation and the time dependence of the system's von Neumann entropy.
We discuss how the Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model can be simulated on quantum computers.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: Understanding the dynamics of bound state formation is one of the fundamental
questions in confining quantum field theories such as Quantum Chromodynamics
(QCD). One hadronization mechanism that has garnered significant attention is
the breaking of a string initially connecting a fermion and an anti-fermion.
Deepening our understanding of real-time string-breaking dynamics with simpler,
lower dimensional models like the Schwinger model can improve our understanding
of the hadronization process in QCD and other confining systems found in
condensed matter and statistical systems. In this paper, we consider the
string-breaking dynamics within the Schwinger model and investigate its
modification inside a thermal medium, treating the Schwinger model as an open
quantum system coupled to a thermal environment. Within the regime of weak
coupling between the system and environment, the real-time evolution of the
system can be described by a Lindblad evolution equation. We analyze the
Liouvillian gaps of this Lindblad equation and the time dependence of the
system's von Neumann entropy. We observe that the late-time relaxation rate
decreases as the environment correlation length increases. Moreover, when the
environment correlation length is infinite, the system exhibits two steady
states, one in each of the sectors with definite charge-conjugation-parity (CP)
quantum numbers. For parameter regimes where an initial string breaks in
vacuum, we observe a delay of the string breaking in the medium, due to kinetic
dissipation effects. Conversely, in regimes where an initial string remains
intact in vacuum time evolution, we observe string breaking (melting) in the
thermal medium. We further discuss how the Liouvillian dynamics of the open
Schwinger model can be simulated on quantum computers and provide an estimate
of the associated Trotter errors.
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