Upper bound for the quantum coupling between free electrons and photons

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01221v2
• Date: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 21:39:58 GMT
• Title: Upper bound for the quantum coupling between free electrons and photons
• Authors: Zhexin Zhao,
• Abstract summary: I obtain the upper bound for the quantum coupling between free electrons and photons. The upper bound can be applied to a broad range of optical materials.
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• Abstract: The quantum interaction between free electrons and photons is fundamental to free-electron based light sources and free-electron quantum optics applications. A large coupling between free electrons and photons is generally desired. In this manuscript, I obtain the upper bound for the quantum coupling between free electrons and photons. The upper bound has a straightforward expression and can be applied to a broad range of optical materials, especially widely used low-loss photonic materials. The upper bound depends on the optical medium, the free-electron velocity, and the separation between the free electron and the optical medium. With simple structures, the numerically calculated coupling coefficient can reach ~99% of the upper bound. This study provides simple and practical guidance to reach the strong coupling between free electrons and photons.

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