MDAgents: An Adaptive Collaboration of LLMs for Medical Decision-Making

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15155v3
• Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2024 02:32:43 GMT
• Title: MDAgents: An Adaptive Collaboration of LLMs for Medical Decision-Making
• Authors: Yubin Kim, Chanwoo Park, Hyewon Jeong, Yik Siu Chan, Xuhai Xu, Daniel McDuff, Hyeonhoon Lee, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Cynthia Breazeal, Hae Won Park,
• Abstract summary: We introduce a novel multi-agent framework, named Medical Decision-making Agents (MDAgents) The assigned solo or group collaboration structure is tailored to the medical task at hand, emulating real-world medical decision-making processes. MDAgents achieved the best performance in seven out of ten benchmarks on tasks requiring an understanding of medical knowledge.
• Score: 45.74980058831342
• License:
• Abstract: Foundation models are becoming valuable tools in medicine. Yet despite their promise, the best way to leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex medical tasks remains an open question. We introduce a novel multi-agent framework, named Medical Decision-making Agents (MDAgents) that helps address this gap by automatically assigning a collaboration structure to a team of LLMs. The assigned solo or group collaboration structure is tailored to the medical task at hand, emulating real-world medical decision-making processes adapted to tasks of varying complexities. We evaluate our framework and baseline methods using state-of-the-art LLMs across a suite of real-world medical knowledge and medical diagnosis benchmarks, including a comparison of LLMs' medical complexity classification against human physicians. MDAgents achieved the best performance in seven out of ten benchmarks on tasks requiring an understanding of medical knowledge and multi-modal reasoning, showing a significant improvement of up to 4.2% (p < 0.05) compared to previous methods' best performances. Ablation studies reveal that MDAgents effectively determines medical complexity to optimize for efficiency and accuracy across diverse medical tasks. Notably, the combination of moderator review and external medical knowledge in group collaboration resulted in an average accuracy improvement of 11.8%. Our code can be found at https://github.com/mitmedialab/MDAgents.

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