Experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking with emergent multi-qubit entanglement
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12567v1
- Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2024 13:50:29 GMT
- Title: Experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking with emergent multi-qubit entanglement
- Authors: Ri-Hua Zheng, Wen Ning, Jia-Hao Lü, Xue-Jia Yu, Fang Wu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Zhen-Biao Yang, Kai Xu, Dongning Zheng, Heng Fan, Shi-Biao Zheng,
- Abstract summary: Spontaneous symmetry breaking ( SSB) is crucial to the occurrence of phase transitions.
We show that SSB is manifested by the emergence of a multi-qubit cat state, formed by two degenerate symmetry-breaking eigenstates.
The observed nonclassical features go beyond the conventional description of SSB, shedding new light on phase transitions for quantum many-body systems.
- Score: 10.791982177923412
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is crucial to the occurrence of phase transitions. Once a phase transition occurs, a quantum system presents degenerate eigenstates that lack the symmetry of the Hamiltonian. After crossing the critical point, the system is essentially evolved to a quantum superposition of these eigenstates until decoherence sets in. Demonstrations of SSB with quantum-mechanical characters have been observed in superradiant phase transitions with a single qubit coupled to a single photonic mode. We here propose and demonstrate SSB in the quantum phase transition of a multi-qubit system, governed by the competition between individual drivings and intra-qubit interactions. The quantum-mechanical SSB is manifested by the emergence of a multi-qubit cat state, formed by two degenerate symmetry-breaking eigenstates. We synthesize the theoretical model in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system, where 6 Xmon qubits are coupled in an all-to-all manner through virtual photon exchange mediated by a resonator. The observed nonclassical features go beyond the conventional description of SSB, shedding new light on phase transitions for quantum many-body systems.
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