Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19624v1
• Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 03:14:27 GMT
• Title: Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition
• Authors: Wen Ning, Ri-Hua Zheng, Jia-Hao Lü, Fan Wu, Zhen-Biao Yang, Shi-Biao Zheng,
• Abstract summary: Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a central role in understanding a large variety of phenomena associated with phase transitions. We report an experimental demonstration of such a process with a quantum Rabi model engineered with a superconducting circuit. Results demonstrate that the environment-induced decoherence plays a critical role in the SSB.
• Score: 2.2706551270477613
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) plays a central role in understanding a large variety of phenomena associated with phase transitions, such as superfluid and superconductivity. So far, the transition from a symmetric vacuum to a macroscopically ordered phase has been substantially explored. The process bridging these two distinct phases is critical to understanding how a classical world emerges from a quantum phase transition, but so far remains unexplored in experiment. We here report an experimental demonstration of such a process with a quantum Rabi model engineered with a superconducting circuit. We move the system from the normal phase to the superradiant phase featuring two symmetry-breaking field components, one of which is observed to emerge as the classical reality. The results demonstrate that the environment-induced decoherence plays a critical role in the SSB.

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