Related papers: Quantum Strong-to-Weak Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Decohered One Dimensional Critical States

Quantum Strong-to-Weak Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Decohered One Dimensional Critical States

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14221v3
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2025 08:17:39 GMT
Title: Quantum Strong-to-Weak Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Decohered One Dimensional Critical States
Authors: Yuxuan Guo, Sheng Yang, Xue-Jia Yu,
Abstract summary: We reveal a new type of phase transition in mixed states, termed emphquantum strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking (SW SSB)<n>We map out the global phase diagram of the XXZ critical spin chain under two-site XX decoherence, which features an SW SSB phase and a trivial Luttinger liquid phase, separated by a straight critical line.<n>Remarkably, the SW SSB transition in our case is emphpurely quantum universality, in the sense that it can only be driven by tuning the Hamiltonian parameter even under arbitrarily small decoherence strength
Score: 4.603658293365577
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: Symmetry breaking has been a central theme in classifying quantum phases and phase transitions. Recently, this concept has been extended to the mixed states of open systems, attracting considerable attention due to the emergence of novel physics beyond closed systems. In this Letter, we reveal a new type of phase transition in mixed states, termed \emph{quantum} strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking (SWSSB). Using a combination of field theory calculations and large-scale matrix product state simulations, we map out the global phase diagram of the XXZ critical spin chain under two-site XX decoherence, which features an SWSSB phase and a trivial Luttinger liquid phase, separated by a straight critical line that belongs to the boundary Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class with a varying effective central charge. Remarkably, the SWSSB transition in our case is \emph{purely quantum} in the sense that it can only be driven by tuning the Hamiltonian parameter even under arbitrarily small decoherence strength, fundamentally distinguishing it from the decoherence-driven SWSSB transitions extensively discussed in previous literature. Conversely, no such phase transition occurs under ZZ decoherence. Finally, we also discuss the experimental relevance of our theory on quantum simulator platforms.

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